Short Fiction:

Chickamauga — Ambrose Bierce
In Dreams Begin Responsibilities — Delmore Schwartz
O Tannenbaum — Maile Meloy
Trilobites — Breece D’J Pancake (starts 5 paragraphs down)
The School—Donald Barthelme
Scarliotti and the Sinkhole—Padgett Powell
The Most Girl Part of You—Amy Hempel (PDF)
Wife in Reverse—Stephen Dixon

Essays:

The Abyss—Oliver Sacks
Letting Go—Atul Gawande
What is it About 20-Somethings?—Robin Marantz Henig
Manifesto of the Flying Mallet—Michael Hofmann
Letters to Frank Conroy From His Students

Interviews:

Padgett Powell
Ray Bradbury

Other Libraries: 

Errol Morris’s reading list
Samuel Beckett’s comments on books (from his letters)
Jorge Luis Borges’s Libraries
Donald Barthelme’s Syllabus via Kevin Moffett
Life-Changing Books from 17 Scientists